What is the recommended treatment for a branchial cleft cyst?

The recommended treatment for a branchial cleft cyst is excision. This approach is favored because branchial cleft cysts have the potential for complications, including infection and the development of sinus tracts, as they can become inflamed or infected. Excision not only removes the cyst but also prevents recurrence, which can occur with non-invasive treatments.

Surgical excision typically involves removing the cyst along with any associated tissue, such as the tract that may be connected to the cyst. Complete removal is essential because if any remnants of the cyst or tract are left behind, there is a significant chance that the cyst can recur later.

Observation and drainage may be considered in specific scenarios, particularly when the cyst is asymptomatic or diagnosed in very young patients, but these methods do not address the underlying issue and do not prevent recurrence. Corticosteroid injection is not a standard treatment for branchial cleft cysts, as it does not effectively remove the cyst and could potentially lead to further complications.

Thus, surgical excision remains the definitive treatment for branchial cleft cysts to ensure complete resolution and minimize the risk of future problems.